巴西专利BR112015017664B1 dispensing device

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专利摘要:
DISPENSING DEVICE. A device for dispensing articles, the device comprising: a carrying member comprising n receptacles, of which n - m are suitable for receiving articles, the receptacles which are movable between an article receiving position and an article dispensing position ; a sensor for detecting the presence of articles in the receptacles, the sensor positioned between the receiving position and the dispensing position; wherein m of said receptacles is a mold receptacle which is incapable of receiving an article and the sensor is unable to distinguish an empty receptacle from a mold receptacle such that the maximum number of detectable articles carried since n receptacles have passed the sensor is n - m, where m is at least 1.
公开号:BR112015017664B1
申请号:R112015017664-0
申请日:2014-01-24
公开日:2021-05-11
发明作者:Lars Tegborg；Jack Spira
申请人:Sensidose Ab；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

[0001] The invention relates to a dispensing device, such as a device for dispensing articles including pharmaceutical tablets.
[0002] Drug therapies used to treat or otherwise control a number of chronic diseases such as, but not limited to, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, cancer, depression, schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as well as other neurobehavioral disorders diabetes, arthritis and asthma and diseases that require anticoagulants, antiarrhythmics and/or analgesia generally have a narrow therapeutic window and produce significant side effects when the dosage is not optimal.
[0003] Timing of doses as well as dose amount is therefore critical to maintaining drug level within desired levels and it is important that doses administered are as accurate as possible to reduce effects that may otherwise arise on, under or inaccurately dosing.
[0004] The listing or discussion of a document apparently previously published in this specification is not necessarily to be taken as an acknowledgment that the document is part of the prior art or common general knowledge.
[0005] In order to deliver a dose as accurately as possible EP 1 058 660 B1 describes a procedure for dosing a drug to dispense to a single patient from a source of equally large units or partial doses of the drug in form. of single tablets or pellets where each unit or partial dose contains from approximately 20 to approximately 2 percent by weight of the total therapeutic dose to be administered to the patient on a single occasion.
[0006] This procedure allows the dispensing of highly variable doses of a drug from a single supply of the drug.
[0007] Devices similar to those described in EP 1 058 660 B1 typically include a counter sensor or mechanism to ensure the user is provided with the correct dose of medication. However, where counting mechanisms or sensors are problematic, the devices can provide users with inaccurate doses of medication. This presents a particular problem where each dispensed tablet only provides a small partial dose, as it may not be immediately apparent to the user that, say, only 9 tablets were dispensed as opposed to the 12 needed. In addition, users receiving certain treatments may be confused or may not be aware that a different dose given to them than is commonly given is wrong.
[0008] The present invention seeks to address this problem.
[0009] In a first aspect, the invention provides a device for dispensing articles, the device comprising:
[00010] a transport member comprising n receptacles, of which n - m are suitable for receiving articles, the receptacles which are movable between an article receiving position and an article dispensing position;
[00011] a sensor for detecting the presence of articles in the receptacles, the sensor positioned between the receiving position and the dispensing position;
[00012] wherein m of said receptacles is a mold receptacle which is unable to receive an article and the sensor is unable to distinguish an empty receptacle from a mold receptacle such that the maximum number of detectable articles transported since n receptacles passed the sensor is n - m, where m is at least 1.
[00013] The inventors have recognized that where dispensing devices are provided with sensors to count articles being dispensed, the accuracy of that count is just as accurate as the reliability of the sensor. The invention provides a simple and convenient means of identifying whether the sensor is functioning properly part of the realization that malfunctioning sensors generally tend to “detect” the presence rather than the absence of an article. Therefore, by providing one or more blanks that are invisible to the sensor, it is possible to identify a sensor malfunction where a sensor “detects” n articles, rather than the n - m articles in the carrier's receptacles.
[00014] In certain embodiments, the transport member is configured to transport the receptacles in a substantially annular path.
[00015] Preferably, each of the receptacles for receiving articles is configured to receive a single article, each article of substantially identical size to each other.
[00016] In some embodiments, the mold receptacle comprises a deactivated receptacle, for example, by means of a baffle. Preferably, any such baffle is formed integrally with one or more defining walls of the receptacle.
[00017] Preferably, the sensor comprises a photocell. In some embodiments, the or a baffle that is comprised in the mold receptacle is transparent to at least the wavelength range of light detectable by the photocell. It is preferred that infrared light is detectable for the photocell.
[00018] Preferably, the device further comprises a housing in which a storage chamber for storing items to be dispensed is contained or may be contained. Preferably, the storage chamber is provided in a removable cassette which is releasably engageable within the housing.
[00019] It is preferred that the device also comprises a dispensing chamber to collect and retain articles fed from the storage chamber by the conveyor, the dispensing chamber including a dispensing outlet. The dispensing outlet preferably can be selectively opened to dispense drug units held in the dispensing chamber. In some embodiments, the dispensing chamber is selectively movable between a first position where the dispensing outlet is closed and a second position where the dispensing outlet is open. The dispenser may include a motor to effect movement of the dispensing chamber between its first position and its second position.
[00020] In some embodiments, the device further comprises a processor configured to receive data from the sensor, the data being indicative of the presence or absence of an article in one or more of the receptacles. Preferably, the processor is configured to provide an alert if the sensor indicates the presence of n items transported once n receptacles have passed the conveyor, the alert to indicate sensor malfunction. The alert may comprise one or more of an audible alert, a kinetic alert such as a vibration alert, a visual alert such as a graphic or written alert, or the illumination of a light emitting device (e.g., an emission diode of light) .
[00021] Preferably, the processor is configured to provide an alert in the event that the sensor does not detect articles in two or more (e.g. three or more, four or more, five or more or six or more) adjacent receptacles.
[00022] In some embodiments, the processor is configured to calculate and store information indicative of the number of items dispensed during a predetermined period and at predetermined times.
[00023] Preferably, the device comprises a motor to operate the conveyor to transport the receptacles between the receiving position and the dispensing position. The motor preferably is operable to move the conveyor in one direction from the receiving position to the dispensing position in increments of 1/n of the effective length of the conveyor. It is preferred that the engine is arranged in communication with and is at least partially controllable by the processor. In particular, it is preferred that the processor is configured to operate the engine to dispense a predetermined number of articles at one or more predetermined times.
[00024] The processor may be programmable to provide the number of articles to be dispensed and how one or more times these articles are to be dispensed. For example, the processor may be programmable via a graphical user interface or integrated keyboard, or communicating with a second remote processor (eg, a personal computer or server).
[00025] In some embodiments, the processor is configured to perform a test routine comprising, without dispensing any items, activating the motor to move n receptacles beyond the detector and evaluating the number of items held in the receptacles to provide data indicative of one or both of (i) the number of items remaining to be dispensed by the device and (ii) o Preferably, the processor is configured to run the test routine at a time that is not predetermined for dispensing items.
[00026] In another aspect, the invention provides a medication dispensing device comprising a carrying member comprising n receptacles, of which n - m are suitable for receiving articles, the receptacles which are movable between an article receiving position and a article dispensing position;
[00027] a sensor for detecting the presence of articles in the receptacles, the sensor positioned between the receiving position and the dispensing position;
[00028] wherein m of said receptacles is a mold receptacle that is unable to receive an article and the sensor is unable to distinguish an empty receptacle from a mold receptacle such that the maximum number of detectable articles transported since n receptacles passed the carrier is n - m, where m is at least 1, the device being for dispensing articles comprising discrete units of medicine.
[00029] Preferably, the device contains a plurality of discrete pharmaceutically active tablets. It is preferred that an intended dose of the tablets comprises more than n - m tablets.
[00030] In another aspect, the device contains a plurality of discrete medicament units adapted for use in a device as described herein.
[00031] Preferably, the device is configured (e.g., through appropriate processor programming) to dispense up to a predetermined maximum number of items within a prescribed period of time. Where the device is used for dispensing units of medication to an end user, for example, a pharmacist or other medical practitioner may program the device with a prescribed dose such that the device is capable of preventing accidental or intentional over-dosing.
[00032] In a further aspect, the invention provides a method of identifying a failure in a sensor (for example, in a device as described herein), the method comprising; (i) moving n receptacles past the sensor to detect the number of receptacles containing articles, where n - m of said receptacles which are suitable for holding articles and where m receptacles not suitable for holding articles are indistinguishable by the sensor from empty receptacles suitable for holding articles; (ii) provide an alert to the user if the number of receptacles detected to be containing articles is greater than n - m.
[00033] In some modalities, no items are dispensed from the receptacles in method performance.
[00034] In some embodiments, the method further comprises providing an alert to the user if no items are detected in two or more (eg three or more, four or more, five or more or six or more) adjacent receptacles.
[00035] In another aspect, the invention provides a method of dispensing articles from a device (such as a device as described above) the method comprising: (i) moving n receptacles from a receiving position to a position of dispensing, where n - m of said receptacles that are suitable for holding articles and where m receptacles not suitable for holding articles are indistinguishable by a sensor from empty receptacles suitable for holding articles, the sensor being positioned between the receiving position and the dispensing position; (ii) use the sensor to detect the number of receptacles containing articles; (iii) provide an alert to the user if the number of receptacles detected to be containing articles is greater than n - m.
[00036] In another aspect, the invention provides a method of dispensing discrete units of medicine from a device (such as a device as described above) to conform to a predetermined dosage regimen, the method comprising: (i) moving n receptacles from a receiving position to a dispensing position, where n - m of said receptacles which are suitable for holding discrete drug units and where m receptacles not suitable for holding articles are indistinguishable by a sensor from those suitable for holding discrete drug units, the sensor being positioned between the receiving position and the dispensing position; (ii) using the sensor to detect the number of receptacles containing discrete drug units; (iii) provide an alert to the user if the number of receptacles detected to be containing discrete drug units is greater than n - m.
[00037] Preferably, the method comprises dispensing up to a predetermined maximum number of articles within a prescribed period of time. Where the device is used for dispensing units of medication to an end user, for example, a pharmacist or other medical practitioner may program the device with a prescribed dose such that the device is able to prevent accidental or intentional overdosing.
[00038] In another aspect, the invention provides a hardware module configured to perform the methods described above when incorporated into a device as described herein. The hardware module can comprise, for example, a chip or graphics processing unit (GPU).
[00039] A computer program may be provided, which when run on a computer, causes the computer to configure any apparatus, including a circuit, controller, converter, or device disclosed herein or perform any method disclosed herein. The computer program can be a software implementation, and the computer can be thought of as any suitable hardware, including a digital signal processor, a microcontroller, and a read-only memory (ROM) implementation, programmable read-only memory that erasable (EPROM) or electronically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) as non-limiting examples. The software can be an assembly program.
[00040] The computer program may be provided on a computer readable medium, which may be a physical computer readable medium such as a disk or a memory device, or it may be incorporated as a transient signal. Such a transient signal could be a network download, including an internet download.
[00041] In some embodiments, the processor is programmable to prompt a user to activate the dispensing and dosing device to dispense a predetermined number of drug units at one or more predetermined times.
[00042] The device may include a display for displaying information to a user, which allows the dispensing and dosing device to display, for example, time, medication and/or dosage size.
[00043] The device also preferably includes a data input device for inputting data to the controller and effecting the operation of the dispensing and dosing device in accordance with the input data.
[00044] The provision of a data entry device allows a user to influence the operation of the dispensing and dosing device in dependence on the user's symptoms, for example.
[00045] Preferably the display and the data input device are provided in the form of a touch-sensitive screen.
[00046] In such modalities a visual analog scale (VAS) can be selectively displayed on the screen to facilitate data entry, and the visual analog scale (VAS) can be displayed on the screen when the dispensing and dosing device dispenses one or more articles.
[00047] In particularly preferred embodiments, the device includes a memory to store dosing times and provided dose sizes and thus maintain an electronic record function. This in turn can be used to monitor dosage compliance. In such embodiments the dispensing and dosing device may not necessarily require the provision of an inlet device.
[00048] The dispensing and dosing device may include an adjustable alarm that emits with or light, and/or causes the dispensing device to vibrate at one or more predetermined times. This helps ensure that the user dispenses the required number of medicine units and takes their dose of medicine within the therapeutic window associated with the medicine.
[00049] In order to prevent the illegitimate or otherwise unauthorized dispensing of articles, the device may include a lock. This reduces the risk of children, for example, dosing and dispensing units of medicine from the dispensing device.
[00050] In embodiments where the storage chamber is provided in the form of a cassette, the cassette may include a readable marker and a processor in the device may include a reader to read the marker on the cassette and thereby allow the controller to identify the items (eg medicines) contained in the cassette.
[00051] This arrangement allows the controller to be pre-programmed to operate in a number of predetermined operating modes, each operating mode being specific to a particular item, and then to select the operating mode applicable to the items contained in the cassette a as it identified the articles contained in the cassette.
[00052] A preferred embodiment of the invention will now be described, by means of a non-limiting example, with reference to the attached figures in which:
[00053] Figures 1 and 2 show a drug dispensing and dosing device according to an embodiment of the invention;
[00054] Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a cassette of the portable medicine dosing and dispensing device of Figures 1 and 2;
[00055] Figure 4 illustrates a feed wheel for use in the dispensing and dosing device of Figures 1 and 2;
[00056] Figures 5A to 5C show the operation of the sensor test feed wheel;
[00057] Figures 6 and 7 show internal controls of the portable medicine dispensing and dosing device of Figures 1 and 2;
[00058] Figures 8A and 8B illustrate the operation of a dispensing chamber of a cassette dispenser; and
[00059] Figures 9 and 10 show front and rear perspective views of a motor driving the portable dispensing and dosing device of Figures 1 and 2.
[00060] A drug dispensing and dosing device 10 according to an embodiment of the invention is shown in Figures 1 and 2.
[00061] The dispensing and dosing device 10 can be comparable in size with portable devices such as, for example, mobile phones, thus making the dispensing and dosing device 10 suitable for use as a portable device. It is desired that in other embodiments the size and shape of the dispensing and dosing device 10 may be varied to make the dispensing and dosing device 10 suitable for users having limited dexterity, for example. Device 10 can also be sized and designed to be used in a fixed location.
[00062] The dispensing and dosing device 10 includes a housing 12 including a storage chamber 14 for storing discrete units or tablets of medicine 16 and a feeding set 18 located between the storage chamber 14 and a dispenser 20. In some embodiments. , dispensing and dosing device 10 also includes an impactor 22 (Figure 3) that is operatively associated with storage chamber 14 for agitating medication units 16 stored in storage chamber 14.
[00063] As can be seen from Figure 3, the impactor 22 includes a rigid element 24 fixedly connected at one end 26 with a wall 28 within the storage chamber 14. The impactor 22 is operatively associated at a second end 30 with an actuating mechanism 32 that deflects the second end 30 of the impactor 22 towards the wall 28 of the storage chamber 14 to deform the impactor 22 such that, when released, the deformed impactor 22 moves into the interior 34 of the storage chamber 14 and again impacts the drug units 16 stored therein.
[00064] In the embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2, the dispensing and dosing device 10 includes a storage chamber 14 provided in a removable cassette 36 that is releasably engageable with the housing 12.
[00065] In other embodiments of the invention it is desired that the storage chamber 14 may be permanently located within the housing 12, the housing 12 including an opening to allow access to the storage chamber 14 to allow replenishment thereof.
[00066] The housing 12 and the cassette 36 may include mutually engageable locking members that inter-engage with the insert of the cassette 36 into the housing 12 to retain the cassette 36 within the housing 12. The dispensing and dosing device 10 also includes an ejection mechanism. which is selectively operable to disengage the locking members and allow removal of cassette 36 from housing 12.
[00067] This allows for the provision of a cassette 36 which, when received in housing 12, has an outer surface 38 that is flush with an adjacent outer surface 40 of housing 12, which enhances the appearance of the dispensing and dosing device 10.
[00068] The locking members include elongated projections 42 provided on an upper face 44 of cassette 36 and extending in the direction in which cassette 36 is inserted into and withdrawn from housing 12.
[00069] The locking members also include correspondingly shaped and sized openings 46 (Figures 9 and 10) provided in an inner surface 48 of an upper face 50 of the housing 12. The openings 46 are located in the inner surface 48 so as to be aligned with the projections 42 provided in the cassette 36. When the cassette 36 is fully inserted into the housing 12, an interference fit is formed to prevent sliding removal of the cassette 36 from the housing 12.
[00070] In other embodiments, alternative means of securing cassette 36 to device 10 as may be known in the art may be used.
[00071] In the embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2, the dispenser 20 includes a dispensing chamber 72 (Figures 8A and 8B) to collect and retain individual tablets 16 from the storage chamber 14 through the feed assembly 18. The chamber Dispensing outlet 72 includes a dispensing outlet 74 that can be selectively opened to dispense drug units 16 held in dispensing chamber 72.
[00072] The dispenser 20 forms part of the cassette 36 and the dispensing chamber 72 is movable between a first position (Figure 8A) in which the dispensing outlet 74 is closed and a second position (Figure 8B) in which the dispensing outlet 74 is open.
[00073] In the first position of the dispensing chamber 72, the dispensing outlet 74 is aligned with a base wall 76 of the cassette 36, the base wall 76 in this way closes the dispensing outlet 74.
[00074] In the second position of the dispensing chamber 72, the dispensing outlet 74 is aligned with an opening 78 provided in the base wall 76 of the cassette 36, the opening 78 in this way opens the dispensing outlet 74.
[00075] Movement of the dispensing chamber 72 between its first position and its second position is effected by means of a first drive motor 80 (Figure 7) which is operable to drive linear movement of a drive member 82 (Figure 6 and 7) in the first and second directions. The drive member 82 defines a recess 84 at a free end 86 for receiving a pin 88 protruding from the dispensing chamber 72 through a slot 90 provided in a side wall 92 of the cassette 36. Through engagement of the drive member 82 with pin 88, movement of drive member 82 causes movement of pin 88 from one end of slot 90 to the other and back, and thus results in movement of dispensing chamber 72 from its first position. to your second position and back to your first position.
[00076] In other embodiments it is desired that the dispenser 20 cannot include a dispensing chamber 72, and the feed assembly 18 can feed the drug units 16 directly to a permanently open dispensing outlet 74 of the dispenser 20.
[00077] The feed assembly 18 includes a feed wheel 94 (Figure 2) defining a plurality of feed pockets 96 around its circumference. In the embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2 the feed wheel 94 is located on the cassette 36 between the storage chamber 14 and the dispenser 20 and comprises seven pockets 96 and an empty pocket 97.
[00078] The feed wheel 94 is shown in greater detail in Figure 4 and comprises a central hub 93 and equally spaced parallel radially extending pairs of fingers 95 to form pockets 96 therebetween. Pockets 96 are sized to contain a single tablet 16. Empty pocket 97 is of similar dimensions as pockets 96, but is formed from a pair of radially extending protrusions 99 that act as a deflector for the receipt and/or containment of a tablet 16 in that part of the feed wheel 94.
[00079] The feed wheel 94 is mounted to rotate such that rotation in a first direction, which is represented by arrow A in Figure 4, moves the feed pockets 96 in sequence into alignment with a feed channel 98 of storage chamber 14 for each receiving a medicament unit 16.
[00080] With further rotation of the feed wheel 94 in the first direction, the feed pockets 96 are sequentially moved into alignment with an inlet of the dispensing chamber 72 of the dispenser 20 to feed the respective medicine units 16 to the dispensing chamber 72 of the dispenser 20.
[00081] The dispensing and dosing device 10 includes a second drive motor 100 (Figures 6, 7, 9 and 10) to drive the feed wheel 94 to rotate, the second drive motor 100 which is mounted on the inner surface 48 of the top face 50 of the housing 12.
[00082] On inserting the cassette 36 into the internal cavity 58 of the housing 12, a drive gear 102 (Figure 9) engages a drive shaft 104 (Figures 8A and 8B) that is protruding from the upper face 44 of the cassette 36.
[00083] The drive shaft 104 is formed to define sloping edges 106, 108 which terminate in edges 110, 112 (Figures 8A and 8B).
[00084] The drive gear 102 includes an elongated boss 114 that engages the lips 110, 112 and, upon rotation of the second drive motor 100 in a first direction, drives the drive shaft 104 to rotate. This in turn causes the feed wheel 94 to rotate in the first direction.
[00085] As can be seen from Figures 6, 7, 9 and 10, the second drive motor 100 includes electrical contacts 116. These electrical contacts 116 engage corresponding contacts (not shown) in cassette 36 on insert of cassette 36 to the internal cavity 58 of the housing 12.
[00086] In the embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2, the drive shaft 104 is hand operable to effect rotation of the feed wheel 94 in the first direction when the cassette 36 is removed from the housing. Such an operation allows a user to feed drug units 16 from storage chamber 14 of cassette 36 in the event, for example, that a failure occurs within the dispensing and dosing device 10 that prevents a user from operating the dispensing device and dosage 10 to prepare and dispense the dose of medicine contained within the storage chamber 14.
[00087] In other embodiments, where it is desirable to prevent unauthorized or illegitimate access to the medicine units 16, the drive shaft 104 can be locked against manual rotation so that the medicine units 16 can only be accessed when the cassette 36 is mounted within housing 12 of dispensing and dosing device 10. In such embodiments cassette 36 may also be sealed to prevent unauthorized access to any of the medicament units 16 stored in storage chamber 14 of cassette 36.
[00088] The dispensing and dosing device 10 also includes a sensor in the form of an infrared photocell 117 (Figure 10) arranged with respect to the inlet of the dispensing chamber 72 to detect the presence of drug units 16 in the supply pockets 96 of the feed wheel 94 as they pass into the dispensing chamber 72. The protrusions 99 forming the empty pocket 97 are formed from a material which is invisible to the photocell 117. Appropriately, when the empty pocket 97 is presented to photocell 117, photocell 177 is unable to distinguish the same from an empty pocket 96. Sensor 117 is controlled by and feeds information regarding the presence or absence of a tablet in the pockets to a processor (not shown) which for its turn controls the rotation of the feed wheel 94.
[00089] Upon detecting the presence of pills in the feed pockets 96 of the feed wheel 94, the sensor 117 effectively monitors the movement of the drug units 16 moving from these feed pockets 96 of the feed wheel 94 to the chamber of dispensing 72. The information provided by sensor 117 to the processor allows the movement of the second drive motor 100 to be controlled to drive the feed wheel 94 in the first direction so as to feed a predetermined number of medicine units 16 to the dispenser 20 .
[00090] The sensor also allows the dispensing and dosing device 10 to determine when the storage chamber 14 is empty.
[00091] In use, the second drive motor 100 drives the feed wheel 94 to rotate so as to feed medication units 16 from the storage chamber 14 of the cassette 36, through the feed pockets 96, to the storage chamber. Dispensation 72.
[00092] During this movement, the photocell 117 is located with respect to the inlet of the dispensing chamber 72 in order to allow the dispensing and dosing device 10 to be able to determine the number of medicine units 16 that are fed to the chamber of dispensing 72.
[00093] The second drive motor 100 is controlled to continue driving the rotation of the feed wheel 94 until the dispensing and dosing device 10 determines through the photocell 117 that the required number of medicine units 16 has been fed to the dispensing chamber. dispensing 72, at which point the second drive motor 100 stops driving the rotation of the feed wheel 94.
[00094] This arrangement means that the feed wheel 94 continues to turn to deliver medicine units 16 to the dispensing chamber 72 until the required number of medicine units 16 is fed to the dispensing chamber 72. In this way it ensures that the required number of medicine units 16 is fed to the dispensing chamber 72 regardless of whether or not one of the supply pockets 96 fails to receive and feed a medicine unit 16 from the storage chamber 14 to the dispensing chamber 72 during rotation of the feed wheel 94.
[00095] If the photocell 117 identifies a number of consecutive empty feed pockets 96 that exceeds a predetermined number during rotation of the feed wheel 94, the dispensing and dosing device 10 can determine that the storage chamber 14 is empty.
[00096] Preferably the dispensing and dosing device 10 determines that the storage chamber 14 is empty if the photocell 117 identifies more than six consecutive empty feed pockets 96 being aligned with the inlet of the dispensing chamber 72 during rotation of the wheel of power 94.
[00097] In other embodiments, depending on the nature of the medicine units 16, and the ease with which the medicine units 16 move from the storage chamber 14 to the feed pockets 96, the predetermined number of feed pockets Consecutive voids needed to determine whether storage chamber 14 is empty may increase or decrease.
[00098] The presence of empty pocket 97 allows the processor to determine if photocell 117 is operating correctly or malfunctioning. Figure 5 shows a schematic of this effect.
[00099] Figure 5A shows the feed wheel 94 when it does not contain pills. With the full rotation of the feed wheel 94, the photocell 117 does not detect pills if it is working properly, but 8 pills if it is malfunctioning.
[000100] Figure 5B shows the feed wheel 94 containing a tablet in 4 of its 96 pockets. With a full rotation of the feed wheel 94, the photocell 117 detects 4 pills if it is working properly, but 8 pills if it is. malfunctioning.
[000101] Figure 5C shows the feed wheel 94 containing a tablet in all 7 of its pockets 96, unlike the empty pocket 97. With a complete rotation of the feed wheel 94, the photocell 117 detects 7 pills if it is working correctly , but 8 pills if it's malfunctioning.
[000102] Appropriately, the processor is programmed to provide an alert to the user in the event that the photocell 117 “detects” 8 pills in the pockets 96, 97 of the feed wheel 94. The alert preferably comes in the form of a message writing and/or graphic image appearing on a screen 134 in front of the device 10 (see Figures 2 and 3), however additionally or alternatively it may take the form of a light such as a light-emitting diode (LED) and /or an audible alert. The alert draws the user's attention to the sensor malfunction, allowing the user to seek repair or replacement of the device.
[000103] The processor can also be programmed to provide an alert if no tablet 1 is detected in say three or more consecutive pockets 96. This alert can be indicative of an empty storage chamber 14 as described above, or of a malfunction of the sensor 117. In some embodiments, where the number of pills 16 initially input to storage chamber 14 is programmed to the processor and where the processor records the cumulative number of pills 16 dispensed, the processor may provide a specific alert for a malfunction of sensor 117 if consecutive pockets 96 are found to be empty.
[000104] In order to eject the cassette 36 once the storage chamber 14 is empty, or rather if the patient wishes to replace the cassette 36 with a cassette 36 containing a different medicine or to gain direct access to the contained medicine units within cassette 36, second drive motor 100 can be driven in an opposite second direction.
[000105] Rotation of the second drive motor 100 in the opposite direction causes the protrusion 114 to travel along the sloping edges 106, 108 on the drive shaft 104. Since the drive gear 102 is fixed with respect to the top face 50 of housing 12, movement of protrusion 114 along angled edges 106, 108 causes movement of cassette 36 away from inner surface 48 of upper face 50 of housing 12. This movement in turn moves projections 42 out of engagement with the openings 46 and bias provided by the compressed spring located within bias member 68 push cassette 36 in an outward direction and thereby eject cassette 36 from housing 12.
[000106] In alternative embodiments, cassette 36 can be ejected from device 10 manually.
[000107] Once the cassette 36 is ejected, a user can insert a replacement cassette 36 into the dispensing and dosing device 10 in order to replenish or change the supply of medicine contained within the dispensing and dosing device 10.
[000108] In other embodiments it is desired that the second drive motor 100 can only be driven in the second opposite direction once the sensors have determined that the storage chamber 14 of the cassette 36 is empty. In such embodiments, the controlled operation of the ejection mechanism prevents unauthorized or otherwise illegitimate access to the medicament units 16 stored within the storage chamber 14 of the cassette 36.
[000109] In such embodiments the provision of an outer surface 38 of the cassette 36 that is flushed with the adjacent outer surface 40 of the housing 12 is advantageous in that it reduces the possibility of someone seeking to remove the cassette 36 of the housing 12.
[000110] In the embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2, the feed wheel 94 defines the actuation mechanism 32 with which the second end 30 of the impactor 22 is operably associated.
[000111] In particular, and as described above, the feed wheel 94 includes a plurality of parallel equally spaced radially extending pairs of fingers 95, adjacent fingers 95 defining the feed pockets 96 therebetween.
[000112] The length of each of the fingers 95 is such that rotation of the feed wheel 94 in the first direction moves each of the fingers 95 in sequence into engagement with a front face of the second end 30 of the impactor 22. The continued rotation of the feed wheel 94 causes deflection of the second end 30 of the impactor 22 towards the wall 28 of the storage chamber 14 when the respective finger 95 is moved by the front face until the finger 95 moves out of engagement with the second end 30 of the Impactor 22. This actuates the impactor in the manner described in WO 2010/060568, the contents of which are incorporated herein in their entirety.
[000113] The processor included in the dispensing and dosing device 10 shown in Figures 1 and 2 is programmable to prompt a user to dispense units of medication 16 at one or more predetermined times during the day.
[000114] At or at each predetermined time, the controller activates an alarm provided in the dispensing and dosing device 10 to emit sound or light and/or cause the dispensing and dosing device 10 to vibrate in order to alert the user to dispense drug units 16 and withdraw your dose of the drug within a therapeutic window associated with the drug.
[000115] In the event that the user does not respond to an initial alarm, the controller can be programmed to issue one or more additional alarms within a predetermined time from the first alarm.
[000116] When the user is alerted of the need to dispense drug units 16, a message distributed on a display 134 provided on an outer surface 136 of the upper face 50 of the housing 12 requests the user to enter a code for the dispensing device and 10 dosage via a data input device.
[000117] In the modality shown in Figures 1 and 2, the display 134 is provided in the form of a touch sensitive screen, which also functions as the data input device.
[000118] Upon entry of the correct code, the dispensing and dosing device 10 is unlocked and a message distributed on the display 134 prompts the user to activate the dispensing and dosing device 10 to feed both a predetermined number of medicine units 16 to the dispensing chamber 72 when it asks the user to identify the dose of medicine he needs.
[000119] In other embodiments it is desired that the data input device may be provided in the form of a keyboard mounted on the outer surface 136 of the upper face 50 of the housing 12.
[000120] It is also desired that in other modes the lock can be omitted.
[000121] Following the required user response, the controller operates the second drive motor 100 to operate the feed wheel 94 to feed the number of medicine units 16 to the dispensing chamber 72 which will provide the necessary medicine dose for the user.
[000122] During the operation of the feed wheel 94 to feed medicine units 16 to the dispensing chamber 72, a sensor, preferably provided in the form of a photocell, detects the movement of each medicine unit 16 passing from the wheel 94 to the dispensing chamber 72. This allows the controller to count the number of medicine units 16 that are fed to the dispensing chamber 72.
[000123] Once the sensor counted the required number of medicine units 16 being fed to the dispensing chamber 72, the controller stops the operation of the second drive motor 100 and thus stops the operation of the feed wheel 94.
[000124] The first motor 80 is then operated to cause the dispensing chamber 72 to move from its first position to its second position in order to open the dispensing outlet 74 of the dispenser 20 and dispense the dose of medicine held in the Dispensing chamber 72 for the user.
[000125] In other embodiments, it is desired that the dispensing and dosing device 10 will automatically feed a predetermined number of medicine units 16 to the dispensing chamber 72 once the dispensing and dosing device 10 is unlocked.
[000126] The controller may display additional messages before, during or after operation of the second drive motor 100 to prompt the user to answer questions regarding the nature of any symptoms that he may pass through the data input device.
[000127] In the modality shown in Figures 1 and 2, where the display 134 is a touch screen, answers to these questions can be entered through a visual analogue scale (VAS) displayed on the display 134. This allows a user to provide information regarding pain levels, for example, through the use of a straight-line scale extending from zero, which means no pain, to ten, which means intolerable pain.
[000128] The information provided by the patient for the issues faced, through the data entry device, is stored within a memory provided in the dispensing and dosing device 10 and can be accessed on the display 134 of the dispensing and dosing device 10 or in connection with the dispensing and dosing device 10 to a computer via a USB port, for example.
[000129] This facility allows a user and their physician to monitor the user's symptoms upon admission of drugs, for example, which can be particularly beneficial to the user and physician in the dosage setting process.
[000130] As well as storing user-entered data, the memory provided in the dispensing and dosing device 10 can record the times when the dispensing and dosing device 10 is activated to prepare the dose of medicine and dispense that dose. It can also record the dose prepared and dispensed at each time in terms of the number of medicine units 16. This information provides an electronic record, which can be accessed by connecting the dispensing and dosing device 10 to a computer, and provides a means to monitor dosage compliance.
[000131] In embodiments not shown in the figures, the cassette 36 includes a readable marker (not shown) that identifies the medicine contained within the storage chamber 14 of the cassette 36. A reader provided within the internal cavity 58 of the housing 12 of the device dispensing and dosing 10 reads the readable marker is read on insert of cassette 36 into internal cavity 58, and allows the processor within dispensing and dosing device 10 to identify the drug. The readable marker can also inform the processor of the number of drug units in the cassette.
[000132] In such modalities, the controller can be programmed to operate in a number of predetermined operating modes, each operating mode being specific to a particular drug, and then to select the applicable operating mode with the drug contained in cassette 36 once he identified the drug contained in cassette 36.
[000133] The provision of a readable marker is advantageous in circumstances where there are insufficient units of medicine contained within a cassette to allow the dispensing and dosing device 10 to feed the required number of units of medicine 16 to the dispensing chamber 72 in a single operation. In such circumstances the dispensing outlet 74 of the dispenser 20 can be opened to dispense the medication units 16 held in the dispensing chamber 72 and the empty cassette 36 is replaced with a replacement cassette 36. The controller can verify that the replacement cassette 36 contains the same drug before operating the second drive motor 100 to continue feeding the drug units 16 to the dispensing chamber 72 needed to complete the dose. Preferably in such circumstances the display 134 displays a message to the user clearly identifying that the drug units 16 dispensed from the dispensing chamber 72 prior to replacement of the empty cassette 36 is an incomplete dose.
[000134] In other embodiments it is desired that the dispenser 20 forms part of the housing 12 rather than the cassette 36. In such embodiments the location of the dispensing chamber 72 in the housing 12 makes it unnecessary for an incomplete dose to be dispensed prior to replacement of a cassette empty 36.
[000135] The number of medicine units 16 to be dispensed from the dispensing and dosing device 10 is determined by the size of the total dose needed and therefore is determined by the amount of active ingredient or medicine contained in each medicine unit 16.
[000136] The amount of active ingredient contained in each medicine unit 16 can be chosen depending on the nature of the medicine and the side effects arising from overdosing or underdosing. For example, the amount of active ingredient contained in each unit of a drug for which side effects arise from over or under dosages are minimal may be greater than that for a drug for which side effects are more pronounced. This occurs because the greater the amount of active ingredient contained in each unit of medicine, the less possible it is to finely adjust the total dose.
[000137] However consideration must be made of the consequences of having to store in storage chamber 14 a relatively large number of partial doses in the form of individual medicine units in the event that each medicine unit contains a very low amount of active ingredient .
[000138] Preferably, therefore, each unit of medicine contains from approximately 20% to 2% of the weight of the total dose to be administered and dispensed from the dispensing and dosing device 10 at any one time.
[000139] The medicine units can be provided in the form of tablets or pellets, and preferably have convex or isodiametric surfaces in order to define a spherical or quasi-spherical shape produced through the use of a punch having a concave surface.
[000140] In circumstances where the medicine units are provided in the form of tablets, the tablets preferably have a diameter in the range of 1 to 13 mm, more preferably in the range of 2 to 8 mm and even more preferably in the range of 2 to 5 mm.
[000141] In circumstances where the drug units are provided in the form of pellets, the pellets preferably have a size in the range of 1 to 8 mm and even more preferably in the range of 1 to 4 mm.
[000142] In certain embodiments, the number of pockets 96 on gear wheel 94 is adapted to the number of pills 1 the user needs to reach his required dose. For example, the device will be punctual in its detection of sensor failure 117 when the dose that is commonly dispensed consists of a greater number of pills 16 than the number of pockets in the feed wheel 94, thus ensuring that the feed wheel is complete. at least one full rotation on each dispensing action. In other embodiments, however, the device comprises a memory (eg forming part of the processor) to allow the full rotation of the feed wheel (and thus sensor function testing) to be spread across two or more dispensing events .
[000143] It is also desired that the test of sensor function 117 can be carried out without dispensing tablets 1. Such a standalone test function is useful to perform, for example, before or between tablet dispensing actions to avoid users being surprised for an inaccurate dose, the sensor must be found to be malfunctioning. This test can be performed by providing a retractable baffle (not shown) in the dispensing position, preventing the passage of tablets 1 from the feed wheel 94 to the dispenser 72. The baffle deployment can be controlled by the processor.
[000144] In some modalities, the standalone test function can be performed automatically. For example, the processor can be programmed to perform the test at predetermined times (eg, regular). Such times are preferably not the same or similar times when the processor is programmed to dispense tablets. Additionally or alternatively, the test can be carried out on demand by the user, eg by pressing a test button (not shown).
[000145] While devices of the invention are described above in the context of dispensing pharmacists to end users, the skilled person will recognize that such devices are also useful for dispensing pharmacists by pharmacists or other medical professionals, particularly where large numbers of units Discrete medications should be placed in one or more containers. Such devices may employ a different overall construction, for example, in order to be optimized for use in a fixed position and for dispensing large amounts of discrete drug units in a short period of time (eg 100 units per minute or more ).
[000146] In fact, in some embodiments, a suitably modified device can be used in an industrial setting (eg on a production line), where it is necessary that discrete units of product are accurately counted and where it is desirable to detect a malfunction of the counting mechanism as quickly as possible. As the skilled person understands, such discrete product units need not be limited to pharmacists.
[000147] No doubt many other effective alternatives will occur to the expert. It will be understood that the invention is not limited to the described embodiments and encompasses modifications apparent to those skilled in the art that are within the spirit and scope of the invention.

权利要求:
Claims (15)
[0001]
1. Device for dispensing articles, the device characterized in that it comprises: a carrying member comprising n receptacles, of which n - m are suitable for receiving articles, the receptacles which are movable between an article receiving position and an article dispensing position; a sensor for detecting the presence of articles in the receptacles, the sensor positioned between the receiving position and the dispensing position; wherein m of said receptacles is a mold receptacle which is incapable of receiving an article and where the sensor is configured to detect an empty receptacle as equivalent to a mold receptacle such that the maximum number of detectable articles carried since n receptacles passed the sensor is n - m, where m is at least 1.
[0002]
2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the transport member is configured to transport the receptacles in a substantially annular path.
[0003]
3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mold receptacle comprises a deactivated receptacle, for example, by means of a baffle.
[0004]
4. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the sensor comprises a photocell.
[0005]
5. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the or a deflector that is comprised in the mold receptacle is transparent for at least the range of wavelengths of light detectable by the photocell.
[0006]
6. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it further comprises a housing in which a storage chamber for the storage of items to be dispensed is contained or may be contained, in which the Storage is provided in a removable cassette that can be manually or automatically releasably engaged within the housing.
[0007]
7. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it additionally comprises a processor configured to receive data from the sensor indicative of the presence or absence of an article in one or more of the receptacles.
[0008]
8. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the processor is configured to provide an alert if the sensor indicates the presence of n items transported once n receptacles have passed the conveyor, the alert to indicate the malfunction of the sensor.
[0009]
9. Device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the processor is configured to calculate and store information indicative of the number of items dispensed during a predetermined period and at predetermined times.
[0010]
10. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it additionally comprises a motor to operate the conveyor to transport the receptacles between the receiving position and the dispensing position, in which the or a processor is configured to perform a test routine comprising, without dispensing any items, activating the motor to move n receptacles beyond the detector and evaluating the number of items held in the receptacles to provide data indicative of one or both of (i) the number of items that remain to be dispensed by the device and (ii) sensor operation.
[0011]
11. Medication dispensing device characterized in that it comprises the device as defined in any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the articles comprise discrete medicine units, wherein the device contains a plurality of discrete medicine units.
[0012]
12. Method of identifying a failure in a sensor, the method characterized in that it comprises: (i) moving n receptacles beyond the sensor to detect the number of receptacles containing articles, where n - m of said receptacles are suitable for securing articles and where m receptacles not suitable for securing articles can be detected by the sensor as equivalent to empty receptacles suitable for securing articles; (ii) provide an alert to the user if the number of receptacles detected to be containing articles is greater than n - m.
[0013]
13. Method of dispensing articles from a device, the method characterized in that it comprises: (i) moving n receptacles from a receiving position to a dispensing position, where n - m of said receptacles being suitable for holding articles and where m receptacles not suitable for holding articles can be detected by a sensor as equivalent to empty receptacles suitable for holding articles, the sensor being positioned between the receiving position and the dispensing position; (ii) use the sensor to detect the number of receptacles containing articles; (iii) provide an alert to the user if the number of receptacles detected to be containing articles is greater than n - m.
[0014]
14. Method according to claim 13, characterized in that it comprises dispensing a predetermined maximum number of articles within a prescribed period of time.
[0015]
15. Non-transitory computer readable medium characterized in that it comprises instructions which when executed perform the method as defined in any one of claims 12 to 14, when incorporated into a device as defined in any one of claims 1 to 11.

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公开号 | 公开日

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GB201301370D0|2013-03-13|

JP2016504141A|2016-02-12|

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RU2621654C2|2017-06-06|

EP2948390B1|2018-03-21|

CN105073601A|2015-11-18|

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法律状态:
2018-11-13| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|

2019-11-26| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|

2021-02-23| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|

2021-05-11| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 24/01/2014, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |

优先权:

申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

GB1301370.1|2013-01-25|

GBGB1301370.1A|GB201301370D0|2013-01-25|2013-01-25|Dispensing device|

PCT/GB2014/050188|WO2014114943A1|2013-01-25|2014-01-24|Dispensing device|

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